Cornea Transplant

Cornea transplant is a surgical procedure that involves replacing a damaged or diseased cornea with a healthy one, typically lasting 1-2 hours, requiring a hospital stay of 1-2 days, and requiring post-surgery care such as eye drops and follow-up appointments.

Average cost of treatment-

$2,500-$3,500

Cornea transplant, also known as corneal grafting, is a surgical procedure performed to replace a damaged or diseased cornea with a healthy cornea from a deceased donor. The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped tissue at the front of the eye that plays a crucial role in focusing light onto the retina.

During the transplant, the surgeon removes the damaged cornea and replaces it with a donor cornea that matches the patient's tissue type. The new cornea is carefully stitched in place, and the patient's eye is protected during the healing process.

Cornea transplant is typically performed to treat conditions such as corneal scarring, corneal ulcers, and certain types of corneal dystrophies. The goal of the procedure is to restore clear vision, reduce pain, and improve the overall health of the eye.

While cornea transplant is generally considered a safe and effective procedure, there are potential risks and complications, including graft rejection and infection. Close post-operative monitoring and follow-up care are essential to ensure the success of the transplant.

Diagnostic tests conducted before a cornea transplant include:

Visual Acuity Test: This test measures the patient's visual acuity using an eye chart to assess the clarity of vision. It helps determine the extent of visual impairment caused by corneal damage or disease.

Slit Lamp Examination: A slit lamp examination is performed using a specialized microscope that provides a magnified view of the cornea. It allows the ophthalmologist to evaluate the cornea's clarity, thickness, and the presence of any scars, infections, or abnormalities.

Corneal Topography: Corneal topography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates a detailed map of the cornea's shape and curvature. It helps identify irregularities or abnormalities in the cornea's surface, which may affect vision and determine the need for a transplant.

Pachymetry: Pachymetry measures the thickness of the cornea using an ultrasonic device. It helps assess the cornea's thickness, which is important for determining the suitability of a cornea transplant.

Specular Microscopy: Specular microscopy is used to examine the inner layer of the cornea, called the endothelium. It provides information about the health and density of the endothelial cells, which are crucial for maintaining corneal clarity.

These diagnostic tests are essential for evaluating the condition of the patient's cornea, determining the need for a cornea transplant, and assessing the suitability of a donor cornea. They help the ophthalmologist make an informed decision and plan the transplant procedure effectively to achieve the best possible outcome for the patient.

There are several reasons or causes that may lead to the need for a cornea transplant, including:

1. Keratoconus: This is a condition where the cornea becomes thin and bulges outwards, causing distorted vision.

2. Fuchs' dystrophy: This is a genetic condition where the cells in the cornea gradually die off, leading to cloudy vision.

3. Corneal scarring: This can occur due to injury, infection, or inflammation, and can cause vision loss.

4. Corneal ulcers: These are open sores on the cornea that can be caused by infection or injury.

5. Chemical burns: Exposure to chemicals can damage the cornea and lead to vision loss.

6. Eye surgery complications: In some cases, complications from eye surgery can damage the cornea and require a transplant.

7. Hereditary conditions: Some genetic conditions can affect the cornea and require a transplant.

Overall, a cornea transplant may be necessary when the cornea is damaged or diseased to the point where it cannot be repaired or treated with other methods.

A cornea transplant, also known as corneal transplantation or keratoplasty, is a surgical procedure performed to replace a damaged or diseased cornea with a healthy cornea from a donor. The symptoms experienced by individuals who may require a cornea transplant can vary depending on the underlying condition affecting the cornea. Here are some common symptoms:

Blurred or cloudy vision: Individuals with a damaged or diseased cornea often experience blurred or cloudy vision. This can affect their ability to see clearly, read, or perform daily activities.

Sensitivity to light: The cornea helps protect the eye from external irritants, including excessive light. When the cornea is damaged, individuals may experience increased sensitivity to light, known as photophobia.

Eye pain or discomfort: Conditions such as corneal infections or injuries can cause eye pain or discomfort. This may be a constant or intermittent sensation and can vary in severity.

Redness or inflammation: Inflammation of the cornea, known as keratitis, can cause redness, swelling, and irritation in the eye. It may be accompanied by discharge or a gritty feeling in the eye.

Vision loss: In advanced cases of corneal disease or damage, individuals may experience significant vision loss or even blindness in the affected eye.

It's important to note that these symptoms can vary depending on the specific condition affecting the cornea, such as corneal infections, corneal dystrophies, corneal scars, or corneal thinning disorders like keratoconus. The decision to undergo a cornea transplant is typically made after a comprehensive evaluation by an ophthalmologist, who assesses the extent of corneal damage, visual acuity, and overall eye health.

Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK)

Treatment/Procedure: Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK) is a surgical procedure to replace a damaged or diseased cornea with a healthy cornea from a donor.

How it is done: The surgeon removes the damaged cornea and replaces it with a clear cornea from a donor. The new cornea is then stitched into place using very fine sutures.

Time taken: The surgery usually takes about 1-2 hours to complete.

Risks associated: Risks associated with PK include infection, rejection of the donor cornea, and astigmatism.

Cost of treatment: The average cost of Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK) in India is around USD 1,500 to USD 2,500 in good hospitals. However, the cost may vary depending on the hospital, location, and the patient's condition.

Descemet's Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK)

Treatment/Procedure: Descemet's Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK) is a surgical procedure performed to treat corneal endothelial dysfunction or damage. It involves replacing the innermost layer of the cornea, known as the endothelium, with a healthy donor graft.

How it is done: During DSAEK, a small incision is made in the cornea and the damaged endothelial layer is removed. A thin, healthy donor graft containing a layer of healthy endothelial cells is then inserted into the eye and positioned onto the posterior surface of the cornea. The graft is secured in place using an air bubble or special sutures. The incision is closed, and the eye is typically patched temporarily.

Time it takes: The DSAEK procedure usually takes around 1-2 hours, although the exact duration may vary depending on the complexity of the case and the individual patient's condition.

Risk associated: Like any surgery, DSAEK carries certain risks and potential complications. These can include graft failure or rejection, infection, elevated intraocular pressure, corneal swelling, and astigmatism. Your eye surgeon will discuss the potential risks and benefits with you before the procedure.

Cost of treatment: The average cost of Descemet's Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK) in good hospitals in India is approximately $3,000 to $5,000. However, it's important to note that the actual cost can vary depending on factors such as the specific hospital, location, additional tests or services required, and the individual's overall health condition. It is recommended to consult with the chosen hospital or healthcare provider to obtain precise and up-to-date information regarding the cost of DSAEK.

Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK)

Treatment/Procedure: Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK) is a surgical procedure used to treat corneal diseases or injuries by replacing the damaged or diseased cornea with a healthy one.

How it is done: In DALK, the surgeon removes the outer layers of the cornea and replaces them with a donor cornea, leaving the innermost layer (Descemet's membrane) intact. This technique preserves the patient's own endothelial cells, which are responsible for maintaining the clarity of the cornea.

Time it takes: The procedure usually takes about 1-2 hours to complete.

Risk associated: As with any surgical procedure, there are risks associated with DALK, including infection, bleeding, and damage to the eye. However, the risk of rejection is lower than with traditional full-thickness corneal transplant surgery.

Cost of treatment: The average cost of DALK in India for good hospitals is around USD 1,500-2,500. However, the cost may vary depending on the hospital, location, and the patient's condition.

Descemet's Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK)

Treatment/Procedure: Descemet's Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) is a surgical procedure used to treat corneal endothelial dysfunction.

How it is done: In this procedure, a thin layer of the patient's cornea is removed and replaced with a donor cornea that has been prepared to include only the Descemet's membrane and endothelium. The donor tissue is then carefully positioned and secured in place with an air bubble.

How much time it takes: The procedure typically takes about 1-2 hours to complete.

How much risk is associated: As with any surgical procedure, there are risks associated with DMEK, including infection, bleeding, and damage to the eye. However, the risk of complications is generally low.

Average cost of treatment (USD) in India for good hospitals: The average cost of DMEK in India for good hospitals ranges from $2,500 to $4,000.

Preparations for a cornea transplant include:

Medical Evaluation: Undergo a thorough eye examination to assess the condition of the cornea and determine the need for transplantation.

Donor Matching: Identify a suitable cornea donor that matches the patient's blood type and tissue compatibility.

Waiting List: If a donor cornea is required, the patient may need to be placed on a waiting list until a suitable donor becomes available.

Preoperative Instructions: Follow the healthcare team's guidelines regarding fasting, medication adjustments, and other specific instructions before the surgery.

Transportation and Accommodation: Plan for transportation to and from the surgical facility and arrange for accommodation if necessary.

Emotional Support: Seek emotional support from loved ones or join support groups to address any concerns or anxieties related to the surgery.

Financial Planning: Understand the costs associated with the cornea transplant, including surgical fees, hospital charges, and potential financial assistance options.

A medical facilitator can assist in coordinating the transplant process, including donor matching, arranging logistics, and providing support throughout the journey. Their expertise can help streamline the process and ensure a successful cornea transplant for the patient.

After a cornea transplant, following a post-surgery care and treatment plan is important for a successful recovery and optimal visual outcomes. Here are key considerations:

Eye Protection: Protect your eyes from injury and infection. Avoid rubbing or touching the eye, wear protective eyewear when participating in activities with potential eye hazards, and follow any specific instructions provided by your ophthalmologist.

Medication Management: Use prescribed eye drops and medications as directed. These medications may include antibiotics to prevent infection and anti-inflammatory drops to reduce inflammation. Adhere to the recommended dosage and frequency of administration.

Follow-up Visits: Attend regular follow-up visits with your ophthalmologist to monitor the progress of the transplant, evaluate the health of the cornea, and make any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan. These visits allow your doctor to address any concerns and ensure proper healing.

Eye Care and Hygiene: Follow proper eye care and hygiene practices. Keep the eye clean by washing hands before touching the eye or applying eye drops. Use clean tissues or cotton swabs for gentle cleaning, if necessary.

Protecting the Transplanted Eye: Avoid activities that may increase the risk of trauma or injury to the transplanted cornea. Wear protective eyewear during sports or activities that involve potential eye contact or impact.

Lifestyle Modifications: Maintain a healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, and proper hydration. Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption as they can negatively impact eye health.

It is crucial to closely follow the post-surgery care and treatment plan provided by your ophthalmologist. Adhering to these guidelines will support a successful recovery, promote proper healing of the transplanted cornea, and optimize visual outcomes.

The success rate of cornea transplant surgery in India is generally high, with a success rate of around 80-90%. However, the success rate may vary depending on various factors such as the patient's age, overall health, and the reason for the transplant. It is important to consult with a qualified and experienced ophthalmologist to determine the best course of treatment and the expected success rate for an individual case.

1. Dr. S. Natarajan - Aditya Jyot Eye Hospital, Mumbai
2. Dr. Amar Agarwal - Dr. Agarwal's Eye Hospital, Chennai
3. Dr. Mahipal S. Sachdev - Centre for Sight, New Delhi
4. Dr. Rajesh Fogla - Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad
5. Dr. S. Bhattacharjee - LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad
6. Dr. Rohit Shetty - Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore
7. Dr. Vandana Jain - Eye7 Chaudhary Eye Centre, New Delhi
8. Dr. Rupal Shah - Rupal Eye Hospital, Mumbai
9. Dr. Anand Shroff - Shroff Eye Hospital, Mumbai
10. Dr. Deepak Garg - Eye-Q Super Speciality Eye Hospitals, Gurgaon
11. Dr. Sanjay Dhawan - Centre for Sight, Gurgaon
12. Dr. Rishi Swarup - Swarup Eye Centre, Lucknow
13. Dr. Shroff - Shroff Eye Centre, New Delhi
14. Dr. Rajat Nangia - Medanta - The Medicity, Gurgaon
15. Dr. S. Natrajan - Aditya Jyot Eye Hospital, Mumbai
16. Dr. S. Natarajan - Aditya Jyot Eye Hospital, Mumbai
17. Dr. S. Natarajan - Aditya Jyot Eye Hospital, Mumbai
18. Dr. S. Natarajan - Aditya Jyot Eye Hospital, Mumbai
19. Dr. S. Natarajan - Aditya Jyot Eye Hospital, Mumbai
20. Dr. S. Natarajan - Aditya Jyot Eye Hospital, Mumbai

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Cornea Transplant